Greetings from Esther

Hi all,
I have been reading Group 2's posts with interest, and will comment on and grade posts as and when I have time from now on.
Keep up the good work!
All the best, Esther :)

Week Eight

Hey guys, sorry this late but better now than never!.

First question I am looking at this week is;
According to McKnee, what relationship did Dick’s ideas have to A) Christianity B) Religion and Philosophy.

Well firstly McKee states “Religion themes in Dick’s work from the arena of literature rather than religion studies, they seen to be ignorant of controversy surrounding the terms they use to categorize Dick’s Religious thought” (McKee, 2004), so basically Dicks work was viewed more from a literature angle verse a religious angle. Dick used religion and philosophy concept in order to come up with ideas. At times he called his work as being Gnostic.

A) Christianity: Background of Dick. Dick states himself that he was an Anglo Catholic and is a firm believer in Christian theology and was a member of church. “ Dick seems to have eventually become something of an expert on the bible”(McKee,2004),
“ Dick consistently returned to Christian theology and Greek Philosophy for most of his serious interpretations” (McKee, 2004)


B) Religion and Philosophy - Dick didn't just use Christianity as a religion he also incorporated other religions and philosophy. Other religions are such as Buddhism, Taoism, Hindu Vendanta, I Ching and more. According to McKee “ Dicks ideas came from religions and philosophical concepts”, while reading I made note that McKee stated that scholarly criticism of Dick’s writing played down a lot on the importance of philosophy and religion in his fiction. (McKee, 2004). “Dick’s earliest works to emphasize philosophical subjects is 1962 “The man in the high castle”, this novel is deeply rooted of religion and philosophy, especially the I Ching” (McKee, 2004)

My new question is; How does Dick’s essay (1999; 1994), illuminate his use of Nazism as a motif in high castle?

“ The man in the High castle illuminates Nazism by highlighting how fear is sub rational. It is sub rational; it’s psychological, not logical” (Dick, 1995). According to Dick “ we do not actually know why, in the deepest sense, they ie the Nazis, did it” ( Dick, 1982; 1962).
Ways in which Nazism illuminates as a motif in High castle.

1) To reflect on a chance that non Nazis were similar to Nazis
2) Nazism is used as a motif in Dicks work as a sense of good and bad motifs.
3) To destroy all and fear.
4) Enslave and the “ the Nazi experiment”

I like the reading the example of Dick and his Nazi friend and how they walked into the apartment and Dick said a Jewish name... and so on, I found it interesting how this is still going on “fear” even though this is after the war.

References

Dick, P.K. (1995). Nazism and the High Castle. In Sutin, L. (ed.). The Shifting Realities of Philip K. Dick (pp. 112-117). New York: Vintage.

Dick, P.K. (1982; 1962). The Man in The High Castle. New York, NY: Berkley Publishing. Retrieved September 30, 2010, from Popular Genres.

McKee, G. (2004). A scanner darkly: Dick as a Christian theologian. In Pink Beams of Light from the God in the Gutter: the science-fictional religion of Philip K. Dick. NY: U Press of America.

Week 9

1. The details of Assessment 2 are now available. This is due on Friday week 14. For this assessment you can choose to write either a short work of fanfic and an accompying commentary, or choose one of the essay questions.

Note: If you choose the essay, try and maintain the same writing style as the blogs. In the past, many students on hearing the word 'essay', returned to writing in a secondary school type of essay prose (terrible). For most of you, your blogs are actually more academic and closer to a good literary type of scholarship.

2. There is a Thurs screening this week of two Buffy programmes - this is compulsory as usual and I will be taking a register of attendence. Again, this week the room will be WE230 (click here for a map) and the screening will start at 12.10 - don't be late.

Week 9- Cult TV

I am soo excited for this week and next week. Can't wait to hear what you all come up with!! =)

What role does Hills (2004) suggest the fans play in the construction of cult tv? How is media central to this? Hills (2004) states that cult TV can be neither made nor promoted as such by the media industry, but instead hinges vitality on audience take up and devotion. The media ins't one to promote or talk about cult tv, instead it just focuses on soap tv, it is up to the fans to circulate the publicity. Fan Fiction has become a way for many cult tv lovers to express and create there own story for the show. Many have even begin cult websites where fans can relive the experience and talk to other cult tv lovers. "as well as joining appreciation society's, fans of cult tv, gather for conventions, where they can share their interests. Again, this creates a sense of communal fan distinctiveness, working to knit together and sustain a fan culture since conventions can become annual events, held in fixed geographical locations, or even the same hotel, year after year. A great example of this would be comic-con. This is widely media coveraged and is where cult tv shows/movies, etc go and fans can interact and express interest and ideas. "Fans of cult tv create a market of memorabilla, merchandise and props that relate to their much loved tv shows, even along after cancellation and mass-merchandising of these shows." The fans are what keeping these shows alive.

Wilcox and Lavery (2002) identify 9 characteristics of "Quality TV" can you apply any of these to other television series that you have viewed recently? Are any other characterisitics you could add to the list?

After reading this article, i noticed alot of the same characteristics mentioned are the same as the TV show "Veronica Mars" and "True Blood." In saying this, "True Blood" has its herione but the main focus of the show is the hot vampires, so i wouldn't really compare this to the nature of Buffy the vampire slayer, it is quality TV to some, but to others, it is a waste of time.

Veronica Mars displays nearly all of the 9 characteristics specified. Plus many more. The show is based around a highschool student "veronica" who has become the outcast of her school, after her best friend was murdered. Her dad the sherif blames the girls father, causing Veronica to be 'freak' of the school. After an incident at a party, she is raped. She chops off all her hair and becomes a hardass girl, you can only love. She works for her dad PI company spends the first season trying to find her friends killer, as well as solving other cases for her peers. The show is based around her and her witty ways, not about the boys she is dating, or about her trying to become the next cheerleader. there is a very epic relationship, that kept the viewers wanting more, but it was Veronica that wowed the audience and is a true heroine.

1. Quality Tv usually has as quality pedigree - Rob Thomas the writer for Veronica Mars is an author, producer and screenwriter. He graduated from the University of Texas and has worked on a number of TV Shows and films, such as; Cupid, Dawsons Creek (first season), Veronica Mars, Party Down, Good behaviour, 90210, and many others.

2. Desirable demographics notwithstanding - Veronica mars was so widely loved by the WB and the audience, it was picked up for a second season half way through season one, which was a first in tv history for the WB. After the third season, WB decided that that was enough and pulled the show off the air, much to the sadness of the cast and the audience. They have since been fighting with the WB to make a Veronica Mars film. Fans have even sent in 'mars bars' to the studios to try and convice them otherwise.

3. Quality TV, tend to have a large ensemble cast - the cast of 'Veronica Mars' is stellar, they are known for there great guest stars as well, many of the names you will recognize. Kristin Bell plays the witty Veronica Mars. Amanda Seyfried played Veronicas dead best friend Lilly Kane. Percy Daggs plays her bestfriend Wallace, her sidekick and star of the basket ball team. they became friends after she cut him down naked from the school flag pole. Teddy Dunn played Duncan Kane, her Boyfriend and also Lilly Kanes brother. Jason Dhoring played Logan Echolls, Veronicas enemy in High School, He was her friend before Lilly died, but was hurt when she stuck by her fathers decision. He then soon turned her boyfriend. There were many other main characters such as; Francis Capra, Encrio Colantoni, Ryan Hanson, Tina Majorino, Chris Lowell, Harry Hamilm, etc. There have been guest stars such as Paris Hilton, Leyton Meester, Alyson Hannigan, Charisma Carpender, and many more.

4. Quality TV has memories - Throughout all of 'Veronica Mars' there were flashback scenes to previous episodes as well as references.

5. Quality TV creates a new genre by mixing old ones - Rob Thomas states that Veronica Mars is a mix between Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Beverly Hills 90210. Veronica is the female heroine, who is witty, beautiful and can get whatever she wants just like Buffy, but the setting is a cross between 90210 with the dramas that surface.

6. Quality TV tends to be Literary and writer-based - Rob Thomas has said that writer for tv is like writing a novel every week, accept that you get to develop the characters more, and make them take certain twists and turns that you can only do on television.

7. Quality TV is self- conscious - There are many websites devoted to "veronica mars" such as Neptunegrand.com. Neptunesite.com and marsinvestigations.net. These are a place where fans are able to go and talk on discussion forms, and when the shows was on air it had countdown clocks to the next episode as well as summarys and quotes.

8.The subject matter of Quality TV is tends towards the contrversial - In the first season they were ordered to re-do the piolt as it was deemed to graphic for the viewers as it showed Lilly Kane lying next to the pool with her head based in and then the next season was veronica talking about how she had gotten rapped. The use of drugs and std references did also not go down well with the media, but they kept on doing it anyway, which i think makes for great tv.

9. Quality TV aspires towards 'realism' - Veronica Mars, is a show that does not do what is expected. it isn't some cheesy show that only focuses on sex and alchocol and it does not dim down what really happens in life. They don't once in the whole show, make everyone forgive one another and make veronica ms popular, she sticks to who she is throughout the whole show, which is think is what you could call great quality TV.

- There is one thing that i think should be added to the list and that is - Quality TV gives the audience something to hope for - Throughout the series the audience were rooting for Veronica and Logan to get together. They had gone through hell in highschool but after she helped him see if his mum was still alive, after he saved her from a bomber and from being attacked and raped again, and the 'epic' speech, they gave the show a bit of a heart. Because lets face it, we all need a little LoVe.

References -

Hills, M. (2004). Defining Cult TV; Texts, Inter-texts and Fan Audiences, The Television Studies Reader, in R. C. Allen & A. Hill. London and New York: Routledge.

Wilcox, R. & Lavery, D. (2002). Introduction, in R. Wilcox & D. Lavery

(eds) Fighting the forces: what’s at stake in Buffy the vampire slayer. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.

Wikipedia- Rob Thomas

Week Seven - Science Fiction I

Sorry guys got a little bit behind, my laptop wouldn't let me open pop genres my pop up block blocked it so annoying! any way first question up:

What is the difference in emphasis between the terms science fiction and speculative fiction? which is the Man in the high Castle?

First off what does each of the two mean? Science fiction means literary fantasy involving the imagined impact of science on society and speculative fiction basically includes all kinds of fiction, more highly imaginative fiction, as Urbanski (2007) and Card (1990) state that it "incorporates both science fiction and fantasy categories".

The man in the high castle could come under either science fiction or speculative fiction, but personally from reading this i would class it more towards the speculative fiction. Why i think this is because this story focuses on history as it's about the Americans loosing WW2 to the German and Japanese, I've picked up on the history as a main point towards my decision of what fiction this is because as Nic said that the story is set in the present time and science fiction is mainly set in the future, which is very true. I didn't go with science fiction because in The Man in the high castle wasn't really my idea of science fiction as Phillip K Dick just speculates what would happen, i don't know how to word what i am trying to get at! maybe this was just a different approach to science fiction as at the start it says "like all good science fiction, was less prescriptive of was too come, than descriptive of the present" (Brown, 2001).

Next question;


According to Mountfort (2006), what role does the I ching have as an organisational device in the structure of high castle.

At the very start Mountfort quotes a quote from Dick regarding the I ching, " I've used it to develop the direction of a novel". (Mountfort, 2006). The I ching is referenced throughout quite a bit, Dick himself states that " the I Ching itself as having a sense of written High Castle" (Mountfort, (2006). I Ching is described by Mountfort by the “show the physical seams of the construction of Dick’s novel, constitute its central organisational device, and function as his meta-narrative.” (Mountfort 2006).

There are 10 main parts that the I Ching is used in High Culture. " The oracle readings Dick inserts at these critical junctures in the novel may appear to uninitiated readers as a little more than a prominent and picturesque subtext" ( Mountfort, 2006). Because of the I ching's role in making Dicks work, as the reader you can be more interested.

References

Brown, E. (2001). Introduction. In Dick, P.K., The Man in the High Castle (p.v-xii). London: Penguin.

Dick, P.K. (2001; 1962). The Man in the High Castle. London: Penguin.

Mountfort, P. (2006). Oracle-text/Cybertext in Philip K. Dick’s The Man in the High Castle. Conference paper, Popular Culture Association/ American Culture Association annual joint conference, Atlanta, 2006.

WEEK 6 Anime 2

What are the underlying thematics of Princess Mononoko? How does it ‘defamiliarise’ its historical setting, according to Napier (2005)?

First of all, the underlying thematics of Princess Mononoko is multiculturalism. In contrast to The Disney film which display fusion cultures (melting pot) represented America; Princess Mononoko admits plurality and otherness in the society. In addition to multiculturalism, Princess Mononoko has anthropocentric view of the world. People are linked nature and only can live with nature happily and peacefully in this anime. Miyazaki realized this defamiliarising its historical setting. Princess Mononoko disregards conventional history and contemporary technology. This film also subverts Japanese culture and the myth of the feminine in the film. Princess Mononoko’s main characters usually did not appeared in the Japanese history or literary. Also, role of women differs from traditional one for example San, who was brought up by a wolf, fights for protecting nature with lady Eboshi, who is a leader of a village, fights to kill supernatural sprit. Finally, the message of this film is contemporary technology could not create people’s happiness only people with nature do.

According to Napier, How does this anime problematise traditional (or conservative) constructions of gender, class and race?

Napier asserts (2005) that anime problematise traditional constructions of gender, class and race. In the Anime, female characters are active, independents contrary to conventional features. Furthermore, it shows diverse social class while specific elite group showed like samurai in the history or literacy as the major culture. Also, traditionally, homogeneous race appeared. However, in contrast to traditional myth of Japan, other minor races (nonethnic Japanese) in Japan appeared. In conclusion, anime suggests new vision breaking traditional constructions of gender, class and race to audiences.

Refefence.

Napier, S. (2005). Anime: from Akira to Howl’s Moving Castle.Hampshire:

Palgrave Macmillan.

WEEK 5 Anime 1

What is the ‘Shojo’ and how does it often function in anime?

Traditionally, ‘Shojo’ means ‘little female’ aged 12 or 13 who is passive and powerless character in Japan. However, in contrast to Japanese conventional female character, In Japanese anime, ‘Shojo’ is created active, independent, powerful, courageous and inquisitive conforming conventional feature such as wide eyes, lipless mouths, stylized in his anime. This also depicts one of the world contemporary issue femininity like gender relationships and roles. Even, some female characters are described as the leader of the group or village like Lady Eboshi, for example, in Princess Monoke. In addition, many Japanese males are fascinated by this ‘Shojo’ characters and this results Japanese men are large portion of audiences with women and children in the anime world.

Looking at Naipier and Cavallaro (2006), discuss how anime is culturally ‘located’ in the East or West, or somewhere else?

Anime is Japanese cartoons which are nowadays very popular in Japan and other countries including the West as well. Anime is made from children’s cartoons, fantasy, SF, Thrillers to sex and samurai sagas unlike American animation which has been dominated the World animation markets for the last century. Anime’s target audiences are not only children but also adults. Anime was regarded as popular or mass culture in Japan and sub culture in America. However, In terms of its popularity, this has been changing through the last decay. First of all, anime has been regarded as an intellectually challenging art form and popular cultural form which is not only stands on the Japanese high cultural tradition but also worldwide artistic traditions of twentieth century cinema and photography. In addition, this achieves high cultural literature exploring current issues such as related to ecosystem, genders, races, class and technologies. In addition, because of its popularity, anime affects diverse audiences with current issues or phenomenon. Therefore, anime achieves success both sociologically and aesthetically.

References.

Cavallaro, D. (2006). The Anime Art of Hayao Miyazaki. London: McFarland & Company.

Week 7

I think Nic has done a GREAT job on answering the first question so i am going to focus on;

According to Mountford (2006), what role does the I Ching have as an organisational device in the structure of High Castle? How does the use of this device illuminate the character of the novel's protagonists?

I ching played an organisational device in the structure of the high castle as "Dick regarded the I Ching itself as having in a sense written the High Castle. The oracle- readings Dick inserts at these critical junctures in the novel appear to uninitiated readers as a little more than a prominent and pictureesque subtext. However, they show the 'physical' seams of the construction of Dick's novel, constitute its centural organisational device, and function as his meta-narrative: the text as oracle, however ultimatley enigmatic it may prove."

The use of this device illuminates the subterranean fate-lines that connect characters who who never meet but whose decisions and actions effect each other in concrete ways. There are 10 consulations that mountford says the high castle follows in which they use the I Ching, He then goes onto explain these. "it is said to be Dick was never satisfied with this deux ex machine. Indeed, by 1976, bitter and paranoid as one of his own mid-seventies characters (schizophrenic Bob/Fred, for instance from a scanner darkly, who spies on himself for the secret police), he had come to feel that the I Ching had delibertly misled and betrayed him.

What does Dick (1995) himself theorise about the I ching?

Dick Theorises that a first the schizoid-effective person is trapped in his own world, unable to escape the things they so desperatley want too. They are trapped like a person "under LSD in the endless now." This is when the I Ching enters. which is a device where synchronicity can be handled. it is when events occur outside of time. 'Not a chain passing from yesterday to today to tomorrow but all taking place now, and yet none having any personal conncection with the others." Dick describes it as; Good God, i was right, when your at the dentist it really does last forever. This state really does go on forever, it is not something that is temporary like on the drug LSD which only lasts for about 10hours. The events are timeless and not in control. "Our knowledge of reality is sufficient to get us by-for a little while longer. Cause and effect bubble on, and we go with them. What will distroy us in the end is synchronicity; eventually we will arrive in a blind intersection at 4.00am. The same time another idiot does, blind drunk, also tanked up on beer; both of us will then depart for the next life, with probably the same outcome there too. Synchronicity, you see, can't be anticipated; thats one of its aspects.

References -

Dick, P.K. (2001;1962). The man in the High Castle. London: Penguin

Mountford, P. (2006) Oracle -text/Cybertext in Phillip K. Dick's The man in the high castle. Conference paper, popular culture association annual joint conference, Atlanta, 2006.

Dick, P.K. (1995). Schizophrenia and the I Ching. In Sutin, L. (Ed.), The shifting Realities of Phillip K. Dick. (pp. 175-182). New York: Vintage.

Week Seven - Science Fiction I

What is the difference in emphasis between the terms science fiction and speculative fiction? What is High Castle?

According to Wikipedia (2010), it suggests that Science Fiction is a “genre of fiction dealing with the impact of imagined innovation in science or technology, often in a futuristic setting. It differs from fantasy in that, within the context of the story, its imaginary elements are largely possible within scientifically established laws or nature (though some elements in a story may be still pure speculation)”.

Some very stereotypical but probably very truthful settings for SF include:

• Set in the future, outer space, in alternative timelines, other worlds possibly involving aliens.

• Involve technology or scientific principles.

• Involves discovery or application of new scientific principles e.g. Time travel.

• Involves new/different political or/and social systems such as dystopia.

On the other hand, Speculative Fiction can be defined as “an umbrella term encompassing the more highly imaginative fiction genres, specifically including science fiction, fantasy, horror, supernatural fiction, superhero fiction, utopian and dystopian fiction, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction and alternate history.” Wikipedia (2010).

Personally I believe that High castle falls under the Speculative Fiction Category, although I guess it could fall under either. High Castle involves science fiction ideas but also has a lot of history behind it such as WWII etc. It is also set on Earth and the characters are very much human to me. It involves less scientific principles and reflects more on the historical side of the I Ching, referencing more history that science. Also, the story is set in the present time (back when the war had just ended) and Science Fiction is generally set in the future. It is these basic distinctions which have lead me to believe that High Castle is a Speculative Fiction.

According to Mountfort (2006), what role does the I Ching have as an organisational device in the structure of High Castle?

Mountfort starts his text with a quote from Dick himself referring to the role of the I Ching as an organisational device. “I’ve used it to develop the direction of a novel.” Mountfort (2006, p. 3).

Throughout the novel ‘High Castle’, there are a large number of references to the I Ching. The story is set around the I Ching in a sense, giving it a significant role in the story. For example, the I Ching is described by Mountfort as something which can “show the physical seams of the construction of Dick’s novel, constitute its central organisational device, and function as his meta-narrative.” Mountfort (2006, p. 5). It kind of gives the story something to be structured around as well as a central focal point of the story. It links the characters and the events which take place within ‘High Castle’ and ties everything up nicely as it is used as a common and recurring ‘symbol/idea’ throughout the text.

Another interesting point regarding how the I Ching was used as an organisational tool was “regarding the situations his characters faced; how they should interpret events, what they should do next, and what the result would be.” Mountfort (2006, p. 5). In the first chapter when Frank Frink consults the I Ching, it answers his questions about his ex-wife and also his job. Yet it is kind of a funny device as it doesn’t give him a direct answer but merely, like the story suggests councils him and his decisions. “Hexagram Fifteen. Ch'ien. Modesty. Ah. The low will be raised up, the high brought down, powerful families humbled; he did not have to refer to the text — he knew it by heart. A good omen. The oracle was giving him favourable council.” Dick (2001, p. 10). It is used as a tool by the characters within ‘High Castle’ to pretty much guide their decisions and is therefore also used as an organisational tool throughout the story as it makes the characters and events which take place relative to one another.




Reference List

Brown, E. (2001). Introduction. In Dick, P.K., The Man in the High Castle (p.v-xii). London: Penguin.

Dick, P.K. (2001; 1962). The Man in the High Castle. London: Penguin.

Mountfort, P. (2006). Oracle-text/Cybertext in Philip K. Dick’s The Man in the High Castle. Conference paper, Popular Culture Association/ American Culture Association annual joint conference, Atlanta, 2006.

Week 6 - Anime

This week’s response seems a little all over the place but is mainly based around the question:

With reference to Cavallaro (2006), what distinguishes Mononoke technically as being – it is generally agreed – a great work of anime?

Cavallaro (2006) discusses in-depth how Miyazaki’s ‘Princess Mononoke’ is for adults AND children. I think that this is one of the main reasons as to why the movie was so successful and is considered a great work of anime. The movie is suitable, understood, and enjoyed by not only adults, but the younger members of the public also.

Mononoke is considered an adult film because some issues are confronted in the film that were troubling and existing in Japan at the time the movie was set, such as the Muromachi period (1392 – 1573). Miyazaki then explains the dark elements in Mononoke are there to address the younger members of the public and states “…What we found was that the children actually understood the movie and what we were trying to say more than the adults…” (Quoted in Lyman 1999).

There are also many figures and statistics that prove that ‘Princess Monoke’ is a great work of anime. After 8 months at the theatres, it had grossed more than $150 million and knocking out the previous record holder E.T. This was an extremely good effort and as Schilling (cited in Cavallaro, 2006) states, the film attracted a whole ‘one tenth of the population to the theatres’ (1997, p. 3)

Japan has a significant fascination with legend, mythology and folklore. Because Miyazaki portrayed these in his film, it became the highest grossing Japanese film in history in the year of its release. Because of the cultural prejudice and adult themes, the movie was less popular in the West making only US$3 million on release but it has now grown in popularity to people of all ages in the West. (Week 6, PowerPoint)

Here is another quote that I thought was very interesting and powerful.
“We are not trying to solve global problems with this film. There can be no happy ending to the war between the rampaging forest gods and humanity. But even in the midst of hatred and slaughter, there is still much to love for. Wonderful encounters and beautiful beings still exist” (Miyazaki 1997b, p.20; sited in Cavallaro, p123).
Miyazaki explains here that even in the midst of environmental destruction, there are still many positive and extravagant things in the world worth living for. He keeps hopes alive in his audience which gives the film a universal quality.

Miyazaki was genuine and honest when making films for children while at the same time confronting serious issues for the adults to acknowledge. Therefore it is generally agreed that Mononoke is a great work of anime.


References:
Cavallaro, D. (2006). The Anime Art of Hayao Miyazaki. London: McFarland & Company.

WEEK 4 Fantasy

Why does the religious right in the US condemn fantasy according to Cockrell (2004)? On what grounds does Cockrell defend fantasy literature, using Harry Potter as an example?

Cockrell (2004) points out the reason the religious right in the US condemn fantasy. First all, anti Harry criticise Harry potter books for the religious reasons. They consider Harry potter as the evil art not fantasy literature. Detractors found satanic word ‘S’ from the Harry’s scar and regard imaginary friends of their children as the devil. However, these evaluations can depend on the culture. For example, imaginary friends refer to their previous life in India. Another reason is that unlike other fantasy stories Harry potter’s scene is real world in England with witches, magic and wizards. Nevertheless, J.k Rolling insists that magic in her book is skill to be mastered which is not related to religious and theology and supernatural spirits can be good or bad. But Fundamental Christians also accept angels or devils in our world. In addition, the way how Voldemort became a bad wizard is a uncomfortable fact to Christians because they already have exist evil and do not want to change or hear any other differences. Most importantly, Although J.K Rolling’s books, Harry Potter, are based on the Christian literary tradition, Anglican and Roman Catholic, American Christianity is anti Harry. Because magic is alternative science like alchemist and philosophy in the books which is against Christian’s beliefs of Bible and leads different image of the God. However, liberal theologians accept differences and still it is the God. Detractors of Harry who are only want to hear the same questions and answers while there are always not the same answers in the book.